Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42736495›Full record

ArticleScandinavian journal of occupational therapy2026

Association Between Smartphone Application Diversity and Occupational Participation Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Suguru Shimokihara, Kazuki Yokoyama, Hikaru Ihira, Yuriko Matsuzaki-Kihara, Atsushi Mizumoto, Hideyuki Tashiro, Hidekazu Saito, Keitaro Makino, Shunpei Katsuura, Masayuki Kobayashi and 5 more

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Article in Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Suguru ShimokiharaGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. shimokihara@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7235-4479
Kazuki YokoyamaDepartment of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9865-7200
Hikaru IhiraDepartment of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-1973-5644
Yuriko Matsuzaki-KiharaDepartment of Rehabilitation, Japan Healthcare University, Sapporo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-4646
Atsushi MizumotoMajor of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Healthcare and Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-5745-9721
Hideyuki TashiroDepartment of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9039-1150
Hidekazu SaitoDepartment of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-2130
Keitaro MakinoDepartment of Health and Physical Education, Graduate School of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9252-8256
Shunpei KatsuuraSapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-6165-1629
Masayuki KobayashiGraduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8951-0800
Kiyotaka ShimadaGraduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-9237-3866
Kosuke YamaGraduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-6939-6192
Ryo MiyajimaEbetsu city hospital, Ebetsu, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-8362-6536
Takeshi SasakiDepartment of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-1963
Nozomu IkedaDepartment of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-7888-6010

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 24KJ1846, 25K21134
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAs digital technologies become increasingly embedded in daily life, evidence remains limited regarding how smartphone use relates to occupational participation among community-dwelling older adults. This study examined the association between smartphone application diversity and occupational participation in later life.

methodsThis cross-sectional study used health checkup data collected during 2024-2025. Occupational participation was assessed using the Self-Completed Occupational Performance Index (SOPI), which covers leisure, productivity, and self-care domains. Participants were classified into high application diversity (HAD) and low application diversity (LAD) groups based on the number of 12 smartphone applications used daily. Group differences were tested, and adjusted regression models with bootstrap resampling were used to assess independent associations and robustness.

resultsAmong 97 participants, 67 were classified into the HAD group and 30 into the LAD group. Participants with HAD had higher total SOPI scores than those with LAD. In domain-specific analyses, application diversity was independently associated only with productivity-related occupational participation (adjusted β = 2.17, 95% CI: 0.49-3.86), and this association was supported by bootstrap results.

conclusionsGreater diversity in smartphone application use was associated with more favorable engagement in productivity-related occupations among community-dwelling older adults. These findings suggest that application diversity may be a meaningful indicator of how digital technologies are integrated into productive roles and responsibilities in later life.

Indexed as

Independent LivingMobile ApplicationsSmartphoneSocial ParticipationActivities of Daily LivingAgedCross-Sectional StudiesDigital HealthEfficiencyFemaleHumansLeisure ActivitiesMaleDigital engagementDigital inclusionGerontechnologyOccupational participationProductivity

Identifiers

PMID42736495
PMCPMC13574877

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.