Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42736335›Full record

ReviewCommunications psychology2026

Educating minds with generative AI.

Laura Desiree Di Paolo, Andy Clark, Thomas Wachter

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Communications psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Laura Desiree Di PaoloDepartment of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex, Sussex, UK. L.Di-Paolo@sussex.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3265-3850
Andy ClarkDepartment of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex, Sussex, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-8629
Thomas WachterNational Center for Artificial Intelligence (CENIA), Santiago, Chile.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly entering education, framed as a tool for efficiency and personalization. In this Perspective, we argue this obscures a deeper transformation. Schools are cognitive ecologies in which tools and social practices actively shape learning. GenAI restructures this ecology, redistributing epistemic labour, consolidating pedagogical functions, and reorganizing how knowledge is accessed, produced, and evaluated. Unlike most educational technologies, it is active, persistent, and generalist. We identify two enduring misalignments: a pedagogical gap between learning sciences and AI design, and a goal gap between measurable performance and developmental aims. Both gaps reflect logics already embedded within existing educational systems organized around efficiency, standardization, and control. GenAI does not introduce but risks entrenching and amplifying these gaps. Rather than accommodating GenAI through technical adjustments, we propose treating it as a diagnostic opportunity to redesign schooling for embodied, collaborative, and distinctly human forms of learning.

Identifiers

PMID42736335
PMCPMC13575178

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.