Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42736301›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

CpG hypermethylation and WNT/AP-1 cooperativity define the epigenetic landscape and a clinical subgroup of high-risk pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma.

Victoria E Fincke, Maurice Loßner, Marina Kunstreich, Nic G Reitsam, Irmengard Sax, Marlena Mucha, Felix Dorn, Lorenz C Helmschrott, Maria D Hernandez Ramirez, Sebastian Dintner and 19 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors.

Victoria E Fincke *Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7488-6885
Maurice Loßner *Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Marina KunstreichPediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Nic G ReitsamBavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF) and KIONET Bayern, Augsburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-3158
Irmengard SaxFaculty of Applied Computer Sciences, Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Marlena MuchaPediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9009-3383
Felix DornPediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Lorenz C HelmschrottPediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Maria D Hernandez RamirezPediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Sebastian DintnerBavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF) and KIONET Bayern, Augsburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0530-0673
Konstantin OkonechnikovHopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg University Hospital, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, Germany.
Martin SillHopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg University Hospital, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7616-7665
Ina OehmeHopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg University Hospital, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-2356
Heike PeterzielHopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg University Hospital, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9261-7144
Enrique Blanco-CarmonaHopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg University Hospital, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1208-1691
Eva SiposBavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF) and KIONET Bayern, Augsburg, Germany.
Stefan WudyPediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Children's Hospital, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
Christoph SlavetinskyDepartment of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children´s Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany.
Jörg FuchsDepartment of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children´s Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany.
Bruno MärklBavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF) and KIONET Bayern, Augsburg, Germany.
Eva JüttnerPathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
Christian VokuhlSection of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Michael C FrühwaldPediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8237-1854
Antje RedlichPediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1732-1869
Stefan PfisterHopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg University Hospital, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-5322
Matthias SchlesnerFaculty of Applied Computer Sciences, Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-4086
Rainer ClausBavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF) and KIONET Bayern, Augsburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2617-8766
Michaela Kuhlen *Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Pascal D Johann *Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany. pascal.johann@uk-augsburg.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-6148

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pediatric adrenocortical tumors are rare, clinically heterogeneous neoplasms with unpredictable outcomes and limited treatment options. Through integrated multi-omic analysis of 214 pediatric adrenocortical tumors combining DNA methylation profiling, transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility, and spatial deconvolution, we identify four distinct risk groups. A high-risk subgroup is characterized by CpG island hypermethylation, chromosomal instability, and dismal survival. These tumors exhibit transcriptional co-activation of WNT signalling and activator protein-1 transcriptional programs and display balanced admixture of zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata/reticularis-like cells. Spatial analysis reveals zona glomerulosa cells as WNT signaling hubs driving intercellular crosstalk. Mechanistically, the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat reverses promoter methylation, silences activator protein-1 activity, and induces apoptotic reprogramming in tumor models. These findings establish a molecular framework for risk stratification and identify actionable therapeutic vulnerabilities, providing an essential resource for studying this molecularly uncharted pediatric malignancy.

Indexed as

Adrenal Cortex NeoplasmsAdrenocortical CarcinomaCpG IslandsDNA MethylationEpigenesis, GeneticAnimalsBenzamidesCell Line, TumorChildChild, PreschoolFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansMaleMicePromoter Regions, GeneticBenzamidesentinostatPyridinesWnt Proteins

Identifiers

PMID42736301
PMCPMC13575229

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.