ArticlePoultry science2026
Vegetal choline supplementation modulates hepatic metabolism and immune-related transcriptional responses in broilers.
Article in Poultry science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient involved in lipid transport, hepatic metabolism, and methyl-group donation in poultry. Although synthetic choline chloride is widely used in broiler nutrition, natural alternatives have emerged as potential substitutes with additional metabolic benefits. The present study evaluated the effects of synthetic and vegetal-derived choline supplementation on growth performance, biochemical parameters, and hepatic transcriptomic responses in broiler chickens. We compared three dietary treatments: T1-basal: basal diet without supplemental choline; T2-ClCh: basal diet supplemented with synthetic choline chloride; and T3-VegCh: basal diet supplemented with vegetal choline. Productive performance was evaluated throughout the 42d experimental period, while liver transcriptomic analyses were performed at 28 days using RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and integrative multivariate analyses were performed. Choline supplementation improved final body weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio during the finisher B phase and over the overall experimental period. Both choline sources reduced total serum lipid concentrations, whereas VegCh additionally reduced alkaline phosphatase activity. Transcriptomic analyses revealed distinct hepatic metabolic profiles between treatments. ClCh supplementation induced a transcriptional program enriched in pro-inflammatory signaling, immune activation, and stress-response pathways, suggesting a metabolically active and inflammatory hepatic state. In contrast, VegCh supplementation enriched pathways associated with glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, PPAR signaling, insulin signaling, mTOR signaling, and glycerolipid metabolism, indicating an anabolic phenotype characterized by lipid biosynthesis and endocrine regulation. Overall, both choline sources improved productive performance; however, VegCh promoted a distinct hepatic transcriptional profile characterized by enrichment in metabolic pathways and reduced activation of immune-related signaling pathways compared with the synthetic source. These findings provide new insights into the molecular effects of dietary choline sources in broiler chickens and support the potential use of plant-derived choline as a functional nutritional strategy to improve metabolic fitness in poultry.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.