Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42735495›Full record

ArticlePoultry science2026

Comparative analysis of morphological atlas at different HH stages of embryonic development for SPF ducks and SPF chickens.

Yu Zhang, Xing Liu, Bozhao Yin, Xin Zhou, Lili Yin, Kaili Li, Changwen Li, Haibo Yu, Wei Zhang, Changyou Xia and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Poultry science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yu ZhangState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Xing LiuState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Bozhao YinState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Xin ZhouState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Lili YinState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Kaili LiState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Changwen LiState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Haibo YuState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Wei ZhangState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Changyou XiaState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Caixia GaoState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China. Electronic address: gaocaixia@caas.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Avian embryos are widely used models in developmental biology and biomedical research, yet systematic comparative morphology across specific pathogen-free (SPF) poultry species remains limited. We investigated the embryonic development of three SPF duck breeds Shanma (HSM), Shaoxing (HBW), and Jinding (HJD) and SPF White Leghorn chickens (BM8 line) under controlled SPF conditions. Fertilized eggs were incubated at standardized temperature and humidity, and embryonic growth was monitored daily. Developmental stages were classified according to the Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) system and grouped into early, middle, and late periods. Morphological, internal, and growth characteristics were recorded using in ovo and ex ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) imaging, enabling the construction of comprehensive developmental atlases, and morphological analyses were subsequently performed. Early-stage embryos exhibited conserved features, including somite formation, neural tube development, and limb bud initiation. Divergence between species became apparent from the middle stages, with duck embryos showing accelerated beak elongation, broader craniofacial structures, and species-specific limb patterning compared with chickens. Vascular development, ocular and integumentary pigmentation, and appendage differentiation progressed in a stage-dependent manner. Across duck breeds, morphology was largely similar, with minor variations in growth rate and timing. Late-stage development was characterized by growth stabilization, skeletal maturation, and yolk and albumen utilization. Ducks required 7-8 more days of incubation than chickens, reflecting interspecies differences in developmental tempo. This study establishes a multi-dimensional reference framework based on comprehensive morphological observations, providing breed-and stage-specific embryonic developmental atlases for SPF ducks and chickens. By incorporating multiple observational perspectives, the atlases enable more intuitive visualization of dynamic developmental changes, particularly in structures such as the yolk sac. These resources provide valuable references for developmental biology, disease modeling, and vaccine research, and further broaden the applicability of SPF poultry in biomedical research.

Indexed as

Embryonic developmentHH stagesMorphological atlasSPF chickensSPF ducks

Identifiers

PMID42735495
PMCPMC13594618

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.