ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026
Diffusion of neuromodulators for temporal credit assignment.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Biological learning achieves temporal credit assignment despite sparse and imprecise feedback, often relying on neuromodulatory signals acting over space and time. Here, we introduce a learning mechanism in which error information diffuses locally through the network, similar to volume transmission of neuromodulators. This distributed modulation allows neurons to learn even in the absence of direct feedback, using the local concentration of the diffusing credit signal. Applied to recurrent spiking neural networks with sparse feedback connectivity, diffusive credit signaling improves learning across three benchmark tasks. Using eligibility propagation as a baseline, we show how diffusion-based modulation can provide a plausible mechanism for credit assignment in sparsely connected neural circuits.
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