Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42734778›Full record

ArticleDrugs - real world outcomes2026

Trends in the Use and Costs of Medications for Respiratory Management Included in the 2022 Benefit Plan of the Colombia Health System.

Manuel Enrique Machado-Duque, Luis Fernando Valladales-Restrepo, Andrés Gaviria-Mendoza, Juan Pablo Albanes-Beltrán, Giovanny Mesa-Escobar, Ana Camila Delgado-Araujo, María Camila Oyuela-Gutiérrez, Santiago Rubio-Londoño, Jorge Enrique Machado-Alba

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Article in Drugs - real world outcomes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Manuel Enrique Machado-DuqueGrupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A, Calle 105 # 14-140, 660003, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8458-0986
Luis Fernando Valladales-RestrepoGrupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A, Calle 105 # 14-140, 660003, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4245-0101
Andrés Gaviria-MendozaGrupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A, Calle 105 # 14-140, 660003, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2500-7658
Juan Pablo Albanes-BeltránGrupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A, Calle 105 # 14-140, 660003, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
Giovanny Mesa-EscobarGrupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A, Calle 105 # 14-140, 660003, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
Ana Camila Delgado-AraujoGrupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A, Calle 105 # 14-140, 660003, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
María Camila Oyuela-GutiérrezSemillero de Investigación en Farmacología Geriátrica, Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Colombia.
Santiago Rubio-LondoñoSemillero de Investigación en Farmacología Geriátrica, Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Colombia.
Jorge Enrique Machado-AlbaGrupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A, Calle 105 # 14-140, 660003, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. machado@utp.edu.co.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8455-0936

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Colombian Ministry of Health updated the Health System Benefit Plan (BP) as of 2022. The subsequent economic impact on medicines for respiratory management remains unknown.

objectiveTo describe the dispensing trends and costs of medicines for respiratory management included in the 2022 Health System Benefit Plan in Colombia.

methodsThe aim of this longitudinal observational study was to quantify the trends in the use and costs of medicines for respiratory management included in the new BP. Dispensations from January 2021 to June 2023 from the database of a pharmaceutical manager with information on 9.2 million members of the Colombian Health System were analyzed, and descriptive analyses were performed.

resultsMedications were dispensed to 42,370 patients, who had a mean age of 60.8

conclusionsAfter the 2022 Benefit Plan update for respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, increases in the dispensing and direct pharmaceutical costs of the newly included therapies were observed. These temporal changes suggest modifications in prescribing and dispensing patterns, potentially reflecting greater access to recommended first-line therapies, although causal attributions to the Benefit Plan update cannot be established, given the descriptive nature of this study.

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.