ArticleAddictive behaviors reports2026
Association between latent classes of tobacco, e-cigarette, alcohol, and illicit drug use patterns and depression among Thai adolescents.
Article in Addictive behaviors reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Adolescent substance use behaviors often co-occur and are associated with poorer mental health. While latent class analysis (LCA) has identified adolescent substance use patterns in high-income countries, evidence from Southeast Asia remains limited. Aim: To identify gender-stratified substance use patterns among Thai adolescents aged 16-17 years and examine their associations with elevated depressive symptoms. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of Results: Four latent classes were identified among males and three among females and gender-diverse adolescents. Compared with the minimal/non-use class, all substance-using classes showed higher odds of elevated depressive symptoms. The highest odds were generally observed in the high polysubstance-use classes. Among males, the experimental cannabis/kratom and tobacco-related use class showed odds comparable to the high polysubstance-use class. Conclusions: Distinct gender-stratified substance use patterns were associated with elevated depressive symptoms among Thai adolescents. These findings extend evidence on adolescent substance use heterogeneity in Southeast Asia and support the use of latent class analysis to identify adolescents at greater mental health risk. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify temporal relationships.
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