Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42733776›Full record

ArticleEClinicalMedicine2026

Long-acting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence and discontinuation: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.

Xinyue Feng, Xinsheng Wu, Thomas S Fitzpatrick, Jason J Ong, Benjamin R Bavinton, Chien-Yu Cheng, Yingqing Chen, Nittaya Phanuphak, Hongbo Jiang, Xiaojie Huang and 30 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

40 authors.

Xinyue FengShanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xinsheng WuShanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Thomas S FitzpatrickDivision of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.
Jason J OngMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Australia.
Benjamin R BavintonKirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Chien-Yu ChengDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Yingqing ChenDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
Nittaya PhanuphakInstitute of HIV Research and Innovation (IHRI), Bangkok, Thailand.
Hongbo JiangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xiaojie HuangClinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Linghua LiInfectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Haiyan MinYunnan Provincial Infectious Diseases Hospital/Yunnan AIDS Care Center, Kunming, China.
Shu LiangInstitute for STD and AIDS Control and Prevention, Sichuan CDC, Chengdu, China.
Rugang WangDalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
Xun ZhuangSchool of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Jun ZouThe Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China.
Lianguo RuanWuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Sitong LuoVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Xiaojun MengThe Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
Hongxia WeiDepartment of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Jin ZhaoShenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
Guochun ChenChangzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou, China.
Meiyin ZouNantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Jin ZhangAnhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.
Zhen NingShanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Feng QianDepartment of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China.
Song FanSchool of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Xiyu LiuHenan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China.
Maohe YuTianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, STD & AIDS Control and Prevention Section, Tianjin, China.
Jun HanWuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
Yaokai ChenChongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
Jianhua YuZhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Yuxia SongXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Sixth People's Hospital, Urumqi, China.
Yanhua FuGuiyang Public Health Clinical Center, Guiyang, China.
Chengliang ChaiZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
Hui XueBeijing Bluecity Youning Health Management Company, Beijing, China.
Ping MaThe Second Affiliated People's Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Yinzhong ShenShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Bin SuBeijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Huachun ZouShanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

Statistical Methods for Adherence Issues in HIV Prevention ResearchR01AI121259 · NIAID · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI CHEN, YING QING · 2015 to 2018
$2.5M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI121259
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Long-acting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may overcome adherence and discontinuation challenges facing oral PrEP, which remain unsystematically reviewed. This study aimed to synthesize the evidence on long-acting PrEP adherence and discontinuation. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published from database inception to July 1, 2026 in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Eligible studies reported adherence (on-time doses receipt at time points, e.g., at 2 months) or discontinuation (stopping doses or loss to follow-up within a time period, e.g., within 6 months) of long-acting PrEP, including long-acting injectable (LAI) and intravaginal ring (IVR) PrEP. Non-longitudinal designs and non-English publications were excluded. We used random-effects meta-analyses to pool estimates. Subgroup analyses were conducted by population, region, and study design. Findings: We identified 46 eligible studies (28 LAI and 18 IVR) including 22,945 individuals (14,190 and 8755). Adherence to six-monthly and two-monthly LAI-PrEP at 12 months was 93.0% (95% CI: 91.6-94.3) and 88.1% (84.7-90.8%); discontinuation for the six-monthly and two-monthly regimens within 12 months was 8.2% (4.9-13.4) and 16.0% (10.8-23.1). Discontinuation for two-monthly LAI-PrEP was higher in implementation studies than in clinical trials (14.6% vs. 1.8% within 6 months; 32.0% vs. 10.3% within 12 months, Interpretation: Adherence to LAI-PrEP remained high through 12 months, with the best adherence being observed in clinical trials, which serve as upper-bound benchmarks. Compared to LAI-PrEP, IVR-PrEP had lower adherence and higher discontinuation. Efforts facilitating longer-term adherence warrant research. Funding: This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China.

Indexed as

AdherenceDiscontinuationHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Intravaginal ring PrEP (IVR-PrEP)Long-acting injectable PrEP (LAI-PrEP)Long-acting PrEPPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)

Identifiers

PMID42733776
PMCPMC13571555

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.