Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42733669›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2026

In situ Gel-Nano transformable hydrogel for therapeutic intervention in refractory inflammation-related trauma.

Jingxuan Xu, Yifeng Zhu, Guangjian Fan, Yaoyao Li, Yuxiang Zhang, Bowen Li, Wenwei Cai, Chenyue Zhan

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Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jingxuan XuInstitute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.
Yifeng ZhuDepartment of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.
Guangjian FanPrecision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Breast and Thyroid Surgery Department, General Surgery Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
Yaoyao LiEmergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
Yuxiang ZhangOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research on Head & Neck Cancer, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
Bowen LiSchool of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
Wenwei CaiEmergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
Chenyue ZhanOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research on Head & Neck Cancer, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this study, we introduce a novel injectable hydrogel, termed hDAGel, which exhibits a unique gel-to-nano (Gel-Nano) configuration inversion capability in response to local pathological microenvironments. The hydrogel is formulated with a high loading density of dopamine, serving the dual function: an injectable dual-component drug-loading gel and triggering the in situ formation of drug-loaded polydopamine-based nanoparticles upon dopamine release and oxidative polymerization. This Gel-Nano transformation enables sustained and targeted drug delivery precisely at inflamed or injured sites. Moreover, hDAGel effectively scavenges excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) within inflamed tissues, alleviating oxidative stress and modulating immune responses. Upon local administration, such as intracerebral injection for cerebral ischemia or topical/intradermal application for allogeneic skin transplantation, hDAGel persists at the target site and dynamically responds to microenvironmental stimuli, releasing therapeutic nanoparticles that suppress inflammation and immune overactivation. Collectively, hDAGel integrates the advantageous features of injectable, adhesive hydrogels with the precise and controlled release of nanoparticle-delivered therapeutics via Gel-Nano transformation. This multifunctional platform holds great promise for treating complex inflammation-associated conditions, including neuroinflammation and transplant rejection, by providing localized, sustained, and responsive therapy with enhanced antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects.

Indexed as

Dopamine-based materialsGel–Nano transformationImmunomodulatoryInflammation-responsive drug deliveryInjectable hydrogelReactive oxygen species scavenging

Identifiers

PMID42733669
PMCPMC13571723

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.