ArticleCureus2026
Prognostic Nutritional Index as a Marker Associated With Disease Severity in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Real-World North African Experience.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive protein-energy wasting. The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) represents a promising marker for assessing immunonutritional deterioration. Our study aims to evaluate the PNI in patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes mellitus with chronic kidney disease (CKD) across all its stages. MATERIALS AND
methodsA retrospective, cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among patients aged >18 years with T1DM and T2DM, followed between January 2025 and January 2026 at the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolic Diseases, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco. DKD was defined as an albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) >30 mg/g and/or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <90 mL/min/1.73 m
resultsSeventy-eight patients were included (41 T2DM and 37 T1DM). Mean age was 47.3 ± 11.4 years, with female predominance (male-to-female ratio: 0.41). Mean diabetes duration was 23 ± 7.3 years, and mean HbA1c was 11%. Mean PNI was 42.8 in G1 (n = 41), 35.6 in G2 (n = 21), and 28.1 in G3 (n = 16). Multivariate analysis showed a significant deterioration of immunonutritional markers with DKD progression (p < 0.05), with T1DM patients showing more marked kidney function worsening. PNI correlated positively with eGFR (p = 0.002) and inversely with ACR (p = 0.043). In linear regression, eGFR was independently associated with PNI (p = 0.002), and advanced nephropathy stage emerged as the strongest independent predictor of PNI decline (β = -6.47, 95% CI: -11.29 to -1.65, p = 0.011).
conclusionImmunonutritional status deteriorates progressively with the advancement of DKD. These findings suggest that PNI may represent a useful adjunctive marker of DKD to better identify patients at risk of protein-energy wasting and adverse outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.