ArticleAmerican journal of botany2026
At the edge of change: Native Phragmites persistence and nonnative arrival along the dam-regulated Colorado River.
Article in American journal of botany, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
premiseThe southwestern United States is at the forefront of nonnative Phragmites australis subsp. australis expansion. Native Phragmites australis subsp. americanus, likely in decline in North America, is ecologically and culturally important and of conservation interest. In the greater Grand Canyon region, the Glen Canyon Dam led to loss of habitat upstream and increases in Phragmites downstream. Recent increases correspond with changes to dam operations and the arrival of nonnative Phragmites. Determining the native status of Phragmites stands along the Colorado River and around Lake Powell can inform complex management choices and restoration planning.
methodsPhragmites subspecies at 83 locations from southern Utah through northern Arizona, United States were genetically tested using real-time PCR. Genetic diversity and structure were assessed using microsatellite loci for 13 native Phragmites stands. Morphological traits of southwestern native Phragmites were compared to those of nonnative Phragmites.
resultsNonnative Phragmites was identified at four of the 83 locations. Native Phragmites in the study area is genetically diverse with little regional genetic structure, but substantial genetic differentiation among sites. Southwestern native Phragmites is morphologically variable, but characteristics can be used together to distinguish it from nonnative Phragmites.
conclusionsThe greater Grand Canyon and Glen Canyon regions support a large, genetically diverse native Phragmites population, which is potentially threatened by nonnative Phragmites and changes to river management. Determining conditions that would lead to nonnative Phragmites invasion of desert wetlands will facilitate discussions about the risks and benefits of Phragmites management in these unique ecosystems.
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