SynthesisDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026
Effects of Renin-Angiotensin Inhibitors, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists on Kidney Outcomes in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of Renin-Angiotensin Inhibitors, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists on Kidney Outcomes in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsWhile the new kidney protective therapies have transformed chronic kidney disease (CKD) management in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), treatment options for CKD in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have remained unchanged for 30 years, limited to renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASis). Given similarities in pathophysiology between CKD in T1DM and T2DM, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on kidney function, albuminuria and safety outcomes. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe searched Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Global Health, LILACS and Scopus from inception until 11 April 2025, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating RASi, MRAs, GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is on change in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in adults (age ≥ 18) with T1DM.
resultsA total of 7151 unique records were identified and 41 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. No RCTs evaluating nsMRAs or MRAs met our inclusion criteria. Treatment with SGLT-2i or RASi was associated with a 45% reduction in UACR versus placebo (GMR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32-0.94). No difference in the annual rate of eGFR change was observed across drug classes compared to placebo (mean difference 1.16 mL/min/1.73 m
conclusionsIn patients with T1DM, the pooled analysis showed a reduction in UACR overall, but that this appeared to be driven predominantly by the SGLT-2i studies, with limited and non-significant evidence in the RAS inhibitor subgroup. Dedicated RCTs in the T1DM population could help establish the efficacy and safety of these different drug classes.
trial registrationPROSPERO registration: CRD420261352699.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.