Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42732561›Full record

ArticleJournal of evaluation in clinical practice2026

Reconceptualizing Clinical Priority as Relational Influence: Derivation of Drawing Reasoning From a Sequential Programme of Research.

Alessandra Milani, Eliana Misurelli, Ketti Mazzocco

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Article in Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Alessandra MilaniIEO Academy, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0403-3128
Eliana MisurelliIEO Academy, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
Ketti MazzoccoDepartment of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleDetermining which patient problem requires attention first is a continuous cognitive task with direct consequences for patient safety. Despite its centrality, clinical prioritization remains conceptually underdeveloped. Organizational models frame it as protocol-driven; experiential models assume it improves with clinical exposure. Neither addresses the specific cognitive challenge that prioritization poses when patients present with multiple interacting conditions. AIMS AND

objectivesTo reconceptualize clinical prioritization as a distinct cognitive task requiring relational integration under uncertainty, and to derive drawing reasoning, a structured visual method designed to support this process, from a three-study sequential programme of research.

methodConceptual development through sequential derivation. Three linked studies provided inputs: a theoretical integration combining complexity science, psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology, dual-process theory, and the Theory of Event Coding; a qualitative study documenting how clinicians define priority (N = 104); and an experimental study identifying cognitive biases and accuracy collapse when clinical data conflicted with expectations (N = 130). Cross-study findings were synthesized to produce definitions, an operationalized method, and testable propositions.

resultsThe programme produced two conceptual outputs and one methodological output. Systemic priority is defined as the variable exerting the strongest relational influence within the patient's clinical configuration. Iterative reasoning is specified as a safety-critical cognitive operation whose interruption is empirically linked to systematic errors in prioritization. Drawing reasoning translates these outputs into a three-phase method, variable elicitation, relational mapping, and priority identification with conflict check, that directly targets the cognitive vulnerabilities documented experimentally.

conclusionClinical prioritization under complexity is a distinct cognitive task that is not reducible to urgency ranking or accumulated experience. Drawing reasoning provides a teachable and testable method warranting empirical evaluation, particularly in chronic, multimorbid, and educational contexts.

Indexed as

Clinical ReasoningCognitionHumansPatient SafetyQualitative Researchclinical decision‐makingclinical reasoningcognitive biascomplexitynursingpatient safetyprioritization

Identifiers

PMID42732561
PMCPMC13571805

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