Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42732530›Full record

ArticleJournal of religion and health2026

Artificial Intelligence at the Boundary of Spiritual Experience and Psychopathology: A Scoping Review of Evidence from Türkiye, the USA, the UK, Poland, South Korea, and Israel.

Rohman Hikmat, Muntazhar Nur Syabana, Ade Kosasih, Eka Kurnia Firmansyah, Roxsana Devi Tumanggor

Abstract readScoping Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of religion and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rohman HikmatFaculty of Nursing, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai District, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand. rohman23001@mail.unpad.ac.id.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-0146
Muntazhar Nur SyabanaFaculty of Cultural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3959-9925
Ade KosasihFaculty of Cultural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3076-9844
Eka Kurnia FirmansyahFaculty of Cultural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-089X
Roxsana Devi TumanggorDepartment of Psychiatry and Community Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan Baru, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20222, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0815-391X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into everyday life has created new intersections among digital technology, spirituality, mystical experience, and psychopathology. This scoping review aimed to map evidence on how AI mediates, reinforces, detects, predicts, or interprets religious and spiritual experiences at the boundary with psychosis and dissociation. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched through June 30, 2026, with supplementary reference-list screening and forward citation tracking. Study selection followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. Nine studies from Türkiye, the USA, the UK, Poland, South Korea, and Israel were included. The evidence comprised clinical case reports, retrospective electronic health record analyses, qualitative studies, machine-learning investigations, and conceptual modeling. Conversational AI was reported as a catalyst, amplifier, co-author, or object of spiritually framed delusions, particularly in the presence of psychosis, mania, sleep disruption, substance exposure, or impaired reality testing. Conversely, natural language processing and machine-learning models showed preliminary potential for identifying documented psychotic episodes and predicting relapse. AI may therefore contribute to the reinforcement of psychopathological experiences while also offering preliminary support for psychiatric screening and risk prediction. Prospective, culturally diverse, and externally validated research is needed to clarify causal mechanisms and establish clinical, ethical, and technological safeguards.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligencePsychopathologyPsychotic DisordersSpiritualityHumansMachine LearningRepublic of KoreaUnited StatesArtificial intelligenceMystical experiencePsychopathologyPsychosisScoping reviewSpirituality

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.