Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42732041›Full record

ArticleTherapeutic innovation & regulatory science2026

Beyond prediction: an evidenced-based framework for assessing site selection decisions.

Anh Ninh, Linh Vu, Daniel Butler

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Article in Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Anh NinhDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, William & Mary, Jones Hall 124, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA. atninh@wm.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-7993
Linh VuDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, William & Mary, Jones Hall 124, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA.
Daniel ButlerDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, William & Mary, Jones Hall 124, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundClinical trial success depends on selecting appropriate sites, yet current selection approaches, often predictive and profile-based, exhibit systematic problems where sites with similar profiles demonstrate inconsistent performance.

methodBased on interviews with sponsors, CROs, and sites, along with a literature review, we developed a framework that explains, rather than predicts, site performances. It distinguishes between site inputs (resources and operating environment), dynamic capabilities (coordinated site-level abilities), and outputs (performance metrics).

resultsAnalysis revealed a circular reasoning problem in feasibility projections where sites self-assess their own performance potential. Real-world examples demonstrate that practitioners are intuitively applying our model's principles, indicating readiness for more systematic framework.

conclusionOur model's framework offers actionable insights for improving both individual selection decisions and systematic selection processes, supporting from prospective site selection to ongoing performance diagnosis throughout the trial lifecycle.

Indexed as

Best practicesClinical trialDynamic capabilitiesPatient recruitmentSite selection

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.