Development of Dual-Cross-Linked AlgMA/HAMA Hybrid Hydrogels for Traumatic Wound Healing.

Traumatic injuries and uncontrolled, intense bleeding caused by surgery remain among today's leading medical problems. Traumatic wounds are not only observed on the skin but also result from internal organ ruptures caused by explosions and firearms. At this point, severe hemorrhaging can lead to hypothermia, hemorrhagic shock, organ failure, and even death due to the loss of more than 40% of blood volume. Therefore, it is crucial to halt bleeding rapidly. In this study, an alginate derivative that supports platelet aggregation and a hyaluronic acid derivative that adheres to wet tissues and induces angiogenesis, thereby promoting vascularization, have been prepared. The derivatives of alginate and hyaluronic acid were subjected to free radical photopolymerization, allowing them to cross-link in the presence of visible light. The study aims to introduce a new biomaterial featuring sodium alginate and hyaluronic acid groups that demonstrates good mechanical strength, a high swelling capacity to stabilize bleeding in the environment, and effective hemostatic properties. The chemical characterization of biopolymers was analyzed using FTIR and NMR techniques. The mechanical properties, swelling behavior, and degradation profiles of visible light cross-linked hybrid hydrogels were systematically characterized. The biocompatibility of the produced hydrogels was also evaluated using MTT and scratch wound healing tests. In addition, hemolysis and blood coagulation tests were performed to investigate the hemocompatibility and hemostatic potential of visible light cross-linked hybrid hydrogels.