ArticleFood & nutrition research2026
A cross-sectional study investigating the impact of dietary vitamin D intake and fortification in Jordanian adults with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Food & nutrition research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D is crucial in maintaining bone strength and supporting immune function and may also influence metabolic health, including glycemic control. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the vitamin D intake and markers of glycemic health in Jordanian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 patients with T2DM aged 42-69 years. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from hospitals across Jordan. Participants with conditions or medications impacting vitamin D status (e.g. celiac disease and antiepileptic drugs) were excluded from the study. Data on demographics, medical history, lifestyle, and dietary intake were collected using a structured questionnaire. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis was used to estimate the vitamin D content of commonly consumed foods. Serum 25(OH)D and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured. Normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Pearson's correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine links between the dietary vitamin D intake, serum vitamin D levels, and glycemic outcomes. Results: The mean dietary vitamin D intake was 150 ± 140 international units/day, with tuna, yogurt, pita bread, and non-fortified Ultra-High Temperature (UHT) milk as primary sources. Total dietary vitamin D intake showed no significant association with fasting blood glucose but was inversely correlated with HbA1c ( Conclusion: Consuming vitamin D-rich sources, including dairy, fish, and fortified foods, was associated with higher serum vitamin D levels, which were related to better HbA1c levels. This suggests a potential benefit for glycemic control and broader diabetes management. A cross-sectional design makes it impossible to distinguish cause and effect, and factors such as supplement use or varying levels of food fortification complicate the interpretation of the results. Longer-term and intervention-based studies are necessary before a stronger claim can be made.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.