ArticleInternational journal of microbiology2026
Thymol and Limonene as Potent Antimicrobials: Bridging In Vitro Efficacy and Molecular Docking Insights.
Article in International journal of microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Nowadays, antimicrobial resistance has created an urgent need for elaborating effective and novel antibiotic agents. In effect, bioactive compounds derived from plants have attracted great interest due to their biological activities. This work intended to study and compare the antimicrobial effect of thymol and limonene against multiple clinical microorganisms including gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and mycobacteria. Molecular docking and bioavailability prediction of thymol and limonene were also performed. The in vitro study was realized via disk diffusion technique, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) assays. In parallel, in silico study of these compounds evaluated their drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity parameters, and binding to bacterial targets. Findings showed that thymol exhibited significantly greater antimicrobial efficacy than limonene against all microorganisms. The compounds demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria (12.0 ± 1.7-33.1 ± 2.1 mm), yeasts (15.87 ± 0.81-24.5 ± 0.8 mm), and mycobacteria (8.5 ± 0.5-18.4 ± 2.1 mm). These findings were supported by low MIC and MBC/MFC (8-128
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