ArticleHealth science reports2026
Investigating the Link Between Specific Signaling Molecules (CCL5, CCR5, CXCR4, BMPR2) and Cardiac Health Indicators in Rheumatoid Arthritis Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: Persistent systemic inflammation is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and contributes to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Given the need for reliable biomarkers for cardiovascular risk stratification, this study aimed to evaluate the association between key signaling molecules (CCL5, CCR5, CXCR4, and BMPR2) and cardiovascular-related biomarkers in RA patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and October 2022 and included 90 participants: 60 RA patients (30 treatment-naïve and 30 receiving disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Plasma CCL5 levels were measured using ELISA, and CCR5, CXCR4, and BMPR2 gene expression was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using real-time PCR and the Pfaffl method. Outcomes included high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), NT-proBNP, disease activity (DAS-28), and cardiovascular risk scores (FRS and SCORE). Group comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test, and correlations were assessed using Pearson or Spearman methods as appropriate. Given the exploratory nature of the study, a Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction was additionally performed as a sensitivity analysis for multiple correlation testing. Results: Plasma CCL5 levels did not differ significantly among groups ( Conclusion: CXCR4, CCL5, and CCR5 were associated with cardiovascular-related biomarkers in RA patients. These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting further investigation of these molecules as potential biomarkers of cardiovascular involvement in RA. However, the observed associations are exploratory and observational in nature, do not imply causation, and require confirmation in larger prospective longitudinal studies before clinical risk-stratification utility can be established.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.