ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2026
Association between gamma-glutamyl transferase and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common hereditary heart disease, and the subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) pose a serious threat to the health of patients. This investigation was intended to explore the association between gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels and MACE risk in patients with HCM. Methods: Data from patients (≥ 18 years old) diagnosed with HCM at a hospital were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. The association between GGT levels and the risk of MACE was assessed using Cox regression models. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to HCM subtypes (non-obstructive, resting obstructive, latent obstructive) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) grades (I/II, III/IV). Results: The analysis cohort consisted of 437 patients with HCM, of whom 163 (37.30%) patients experienced MACE, while 274 (62.70%) remained MACE-free. GGT levels of 20-57 U/L [HR = 1.72 (95%CI: 1.13-2.62)] and ≥57 U/L [HR = 2.29 (95%CI: 1.30-4.03)] were both associated with a higher risk of MACE than those with GGT <20 U/L. Subgroup analysis found that GGT levels of 20-57 U/L [HR = 2.25 (95%CI: 1.15-4.37)] and ≥57 U/L [HR = 3.66 (95%CI: 1.44-9.28)] were both linked to an increased risk of MACE in those with non-obstructive HCM, whereas no significant association was detected in those with resting obstructive HCM and latent obstructive HCM. Moreover, GGT levels of 20-57 U/L [HR = 1.78 (95%CI: 1.07-2.97)] and ≥57 U/L [HR = 2.97 (95%CI: 1.51-5.83)] were both linked to an elevated risk of MACE in patients with NYHA grade I/II. Conclusion: Elevated GGT levels were associated with a higher risk of MACE among patients with HCM. GGT may serve as a clinical red flag for MACE risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.