ArticleMaterials today. Bio2026
A frequency-dependent phase-transition bioelectronic device with in-situ signal-filtering and Janus-adhesive capabilities for low-artifact sensing and tendon repair.
Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Mechanical and electrical mismatches exist at bioelectronic interfaces and tissue interfaces under complex environments, which easily lead to signal artifacts and adhesive residues. As a result, it is difficult to achieve both high sensitivity and anti-interference performance in bioelectronic interfaces. Inspired by multiple biological systems, this work proposes a multi-scale biomimetic construction strategy (JAH). An ionic-electronic hybrid conductive hydrogel with frequency-dependent phase transition is designed, and a Janus structure is constructed. In this way, two core functions, in-situ signal filtering and janus adhesion, are realized simultaneously. The designed JAH device is founded on a hybrid ionic-electronic conductive network as its chemical and electronic basis, ensuring high sensing sensitivity. By leveraging the energy dissipation characteristics of the frequency-dependent phase-transition hydrogel, the target signal is effectively decoupled from dynamic interference signals at the same frequency, achieving a 3.5-fold enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio. A gravity-guided and functional-group-induced synergistic process was employed to monolithically fabricate the Janus structure, achieving up to a 27-fold difference in adhesion energy while maintaining high sensitivity (gauge factor GF∼5.73, superior to reported Janus hydrogels). In addition, the material system balances the contradiction between weak bonds for in-situ signal filtering and strong bonds for maintaining material toughness (elongation at break ∼2523%, strength ∼117.7 kPa). In summary, JAH achieves low interfacial impedance, high mechanical toughness, strong anti-interference ability and high sensing sensitivity at the same time through the combination of hybrid conduction, frequency-dependent phase transition and biomimetic janus structure. Experiments show that JAH can be used for motion sensing, low-artifact electromyographic signal acquisition, and suture-free repair of ruptured tendons. This work provides an important foundation for high-precision bioelectrical signal collection, high-quality tissue repair, early diagnosis and active rehabilitation.
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