ArticleCancer medicine2026
Mapping Multilevel Barriers and Facilitators to Inclusive Cancer Care for Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: A Scoping Review.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, yet advances in prevention, screening, and treatment are not equitably shared. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual, and additional sexual and gender minority (LGBTQIA+) individuals face persistent disparities in cancer care across individual, interpersonal, and institutional levels. This scoping review aimed to improve cancer care for adult LGBTQIA+ patients by mapping and synthesizing evidence on multilevel barriers and facilitators to inclusive cancer care.
methodsA systematic search across PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL was conducted for peer-reviewed studies published between January 2015 and December 2025. Eligible studies examined cancer care accessibility, delivery, and patient experiences for LGBTQIA+ adults.
resultsTwenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings revealed critical gaps in provider knowledge. Only 5% of healthcare professionals answered all LGBTQIA+ health questions correctly, 40% reported difficulty addressing sexual health, and 80% expressed interest in LGBTQIA+ training. Among LGBTQIA+ individuals, 65% were uncertain about cancer screening needs, and 76% had not received at least one human papilloma virus vaccine dose. Interpersonal barriers involved inadequate training, communication challenges, and implicit bias. Structural barriers included limited sexual orientation and gender identity fields in electronic records and registries, noninclusive environments, and weak institutional policies. Inclusive communication, routine sexual orientation and gender identity documentation, and visible signals of safety emerged as key facilitators.
conclusionsInclusive cancer care for LGBTQIA+ adults requires coordinated interventions that address provider education, clinical communication, and system-level structures simultaneously. Embedding mandatory LGBTQIA+ cultural-competence training, integrating routine sexual orientation and gender identity collection into electronic health records, and creating visibly welcoming environments represent high-priority, evidence-informed strategies to reduce these disparities. Notably, expanding research that meaningfully includes the LGBTQIA+ population is critical toward more equitable cancer care.
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Registered trials
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