Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42728539›Full record

ArticleHepatology international2026

Antiviral therapies are associated with reduced mortality but under-utilized in patients with viral hepatocellular carcinoma: a multinational REAL-HCC study.

Taotao Yan, Pei-Chien Tsai, Ming-Lun Yeh, Dae Won Jun, Hidenori Toyoda, Yao-Chun Hsu, Jennifer Leong, Xiaozhong Wang, Xu Qiang, Hiroshi Abe and 24 more

Abstract read
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Article in Hepatology international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

34 authors.

Taotao YanDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Pei-Chien TsaiHepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Ming-Lun YehHepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Dae Won JunDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Hidenori ToyodaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan.
Yao-Chun HsuDivision of Gastroenterology of Hepatology, E-Da Cancer Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Jennifer LeongDivision of Gastroenterology, Mt. Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA.
Xiaozhong WangDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Xu QiangDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Hiroshi AbeDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinmatsudo Central General Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
Takanori SuzukiDepartment of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
Chia-Yen DaiHepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Jee-Fu HuangHepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Wan-Long ChuangHepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Chung-Feng HuangHepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Yao-Li ChenDepartment of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
Ping-Yi LinDepartment of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
Satoshi YasudaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan.
Joanne Kimiko LiuDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Mayumi MaedaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Eiichi OgawaDepartment of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
Cheng-Hao TsengDivision of Gastroenterology of Hepatology, E-Da Cancer Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Maria ButiLiver Unit, Hospital Universitari Valle d'Hebron and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBER EHD del Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
Philip VutienDivision of Gastroenterology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seatle, WA, USA.
Yu Jun WongDepartment of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, SingHealth, Singapore.
Huy TrinhSan Jose Gastroenterology, San Jose, CA, USA.
Takashi HondaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Haruki UojimaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
Masaru EnomotoDepartment of Hepatology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Yasuhito TanakaVirology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
Myron SchwartzDivision of Gastroenterology, Mt. Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA.
Ramsey CheungDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Ming-Lung YuHepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Mindie H NguyenDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA. mindiehn@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6275-4989

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntiviral treatment can reduce mortality of viral hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but may be underutilized.

methodsIn a multinational real-world consortium of HCC patients with hepatitis B (HBV-HCC) or C (HCV-HCC), we assessed nucleos(t)ide analog treatment rate in HBV-HCC (2007-2023) and direct acting antiviral treatment rate in HCV-HCC (2015-2023).

resultsAmong 3973 HCC patients (3186 HBV, 647 HCV, 140 HBV/HCV), 49.7% of HBV-HCC and 63.2% of HCV-HCC received antiviral treatment. For HBV, lower treatment rates were observed in female (41.7% vs. 51.8%), older (> 60) (45.3% vs. 54.5%), non-cirrhosis and decompensated cirrhosis (vs. compensates cirrhosis: 41.3% vs. 43.2% vs. 76.7%), and Asia region (37.9% vs. 85.0%) patients; for HCV, lower rates in male (59.0% vs. 72.4%), compensated and decompensated cirrhosis (vs. noncirrhosis: 62.9% vs. 54.0% vs. 73.2%), and non-Asia region (58.2% vs. 69.9%) patients. Child A cirrhosis and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) 0/A patients had highest treatment rates followed by Child B and C or BCLC B, C, or D for both HBV (78.6%, 48.3%, 43.8%; 59.9%, 50.9%, 36.7%, 41.0%) and HCV (68.2%, 53.3%, 38.6%; 72.5%, 53.3%, 51.9%, 30.2%), all P<0.001. Factors independently associated with lower treatment rates were: female, age>60, Asia region, noncirrhosis, and BCLC B or C (vs. 0/A) for HBV; male, age>65, Child B or C cirrhosis (vs. noncirrhosis), and BCLC B or C for HCV. Antiviral treatment was independently associated with reduced mortality in both HBV-HCC and HCV-HCC patients.

conclusionDespite survival benefits, antiviral therapies were substantially underutilized in both HBV-HCC and HCV-HCC, particularly advanced patients.

Indexed as

Direct acting antiviralsLinkage to careNucleos(t)ide analoguesRacial ethnic disparitiesSex difference

Identifiers

PMID42728539

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.