ArticleInfectious diseases and therapy2026
Prevalence and Severity of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions in People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in the United States.
Article in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAs people living with HIV (PLWH) age, the risk for polypharmacy and potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) will likely increase, which may pose clinical challenges and contribute to increased healthcare burden.
methodsThis retrospective study used administrative claims data (1/1/19-1/31/25) from Optum's de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database and included adults with ≥ 1 antiretroviral therapy (ART) claim from 1/1/24-12/31/24 (index date: earliest ART claim). The prevalence and severity of pDDIs between ART and each non-ART comedication the PLWH received during the 30-day post-index period were quantified at the ART agent and ART regimen levels. DDI severity was categorized using the University of Liverpool HIV Drug Interactions Resource scale: contraindicated, major, minor, or no interaction. Prevalence of pDDIs was reported as the proportion of PLWH with any pDDI by severity category.
resultsOverall, 22,412 PLWH were included; 44.2% had ≥ 1 pDDI classified as contraindicated, major, or minor. At the ART regimen level, contraindicated pDDIs were most prevalent for darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (14.4%) and elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (14.0%). Major pDDIs were observed in up to 66.4% of PLWH receiving certain boosted ART, whereas contraindicated pDDIs were uncommon (< 7%) among PLWH on non-boosted integrase inhibitor- and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens. Across commonly prescribed ART regimens, 61.5% to 69.7% of PLWH had either no comedications or only comedications classified as having no interaction, with lower proportions observed for boosted regimens, and major pDDIs were predominantly associated with antidiabetic medications and statins.
conclusionsIn this large, real-world claims analysis, pDDIs between ART and non-ART medications were not uncommon in routine clinical practice. As the HIV population continues to age, systematic screening for drug interactions (particularly with comedications for chronic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease) and thoughtful, individualized ART selection may help mitigate interaction risk and support safe, effective long-term HIV management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42728472What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.