Americans' multidimensional relationship with science: Is citizen science a path forward?

Cultivating positive relationships between the public and scientific communities requires understanding how diverse populations relate to science and what strategies promote favorable outcomes. In 2021, we evaluated Americans' relationship with science by examining science beliefs (perceived credibility and value of science) and science connections (science interest, self-efficacy, belonging, and identity) using a demographically-diverse online survey of US residents (N = 1854). Most Americans expressed interest in science (60%) and believed science has value to society (68%). However, women and individuals without a graduate degree were less likely to be interested, and Black Americans were less likely to report value of science. Fewer Americans (39%) felt a sense of belonging to science and only 43% believed science was credible. Citizen science participation was a strong positive correlate of science connections and perceived value of science but inversely associated with perceived credibility of science. Approximately 14% of Americans participated in citizen science, and women, Asian, and Hispanic Americans were underrepresented. Citizen science represents a promising pathway for promoting positive views of science, but it needs to reach diverse audiences, including those already experiencing strained relationships with science, to effectively strengthen relations between science and society.