ArticleActa neurologica Belgica2026
Comparisons between anosmia and ageusia with neurological symptoms and cardiorespiratory fitness among post-COVID-19 individuals: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Acta neurologica Belgica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAnosmia and ageusia are among the most frequent symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome, yet their association with neurological symptoms and cardiorespiratory fitness remains unclear.
objectiveTo compare the presence of anosmia and ageusia with neurological symptoms and cardiorespiratory fitness in post-COVID-19 individuals.
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 201 post-COVID-19 individuals who completed a standardized questionnaire assessing anosmia, ageusia, and neurological symptoms. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the Bruce treadmill test with direct measurement of peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak). Missing data were handled by multiple imputation. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using binary logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, acute infection severity, medical history, body fat percentage, and skeletal muscle mass.
resultsAfter adjustment, anosmia was independently associated with dizziness (OR = 2.22; 95% CI 1.15-4.31) and aural fullness (OR = 4.54; 95% CI 1.16-17.80), and ageusia with memory deficit (OR = 2.91; 95% CI 1.47-5.75) and aural fullness (OR = 4.08; 95% CI 1.02-16.30). No significant associations were found with tinnitus or hearing loss. VO₂peak did not differ significantly between participants with and without anosmia (mean difference 1.13 mL/kg/min; Cohen's d = 0.14; 95% CI - 0.14 to 0.42; p = 0.325) or ageusia (mean difference 1.36 mL/kg/min; Cohen's d = 0.17; 95% CI - 0.12 to 0.45; p = 0.244).
conclusionsAnosmia and ageusia are associated with neurological symptoms but not with cardiorespiratory fitness in post-COVID-19 individuals, suggesting partially independent phenotypes. These symptoms should be considered in therapeutic assessment and management.
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