ArticleDaru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences2026
Quercetin-loaded invasomal gel: preparation, optimization, in vitro evaluation and ex vivo skin permeation evaluation.
Article in Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundSkin cancer is one of the most common cancers, and effective topical delivery of therapeutic agents is limited by the skin barrier. Quercetin (QUR), a natural flavonoid with antioxidant and antiproliferative properties, has limited application due to its poor solubility and low skin permeability.
objectiveThe study aimed to develop and optimize QUR-loaded invasomes (QUR-INV) for topical administration.
methodsQUR-INV were prepared using the thin-film hydration method and optimized using a full factorial design, where characterization involve vesicles size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (EE%). Evaluations included in-vitro release, ex-vivo skin permeation, dermatokinetics analysis, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity study.
resultsThe optimized QUR-INV exhibited a vesicle size of 211.5 nm, low polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.219, high negative zeta potential of -37.1 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 89.5%. In-vitro release showed an initial burst release within 4 hr followed by sustained controlled release over 24hr. Ex-vivo skin permeation studies demonstrated ≈2-fold higher QUR permeation from QUR-INV gel than QUR-conventional gel; while dermatokinetic analysis confirming enhanced penetration to deeper skin layers. Antioxidant activity demonstrated that encapsulation of quercetin into invasomes preserves its intrinsic antioxidant functionality; cytotoxicity against A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells revealed significantly lower IC₅₀ for QUR-INV gel (27.96 µg/mL) versus QUR-conventional gel (52.02 µg/mL) and pure QUR (297.36 µg/mL).
conclusionThe study successfully developed and optimized the quercetin-loaded invasomal gel with desirable physicochemical characteristics and controlled drug release behaviour. The formulation demonstrated enhanced cytotoxic activity and improved skin permeation, indicating its potential topical delivery system.
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Identifiers
42726419PMC13569776What OpenQuestion holds
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