Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42726183›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2026

Parent's AI Coach (PaiCoach): A Single-Case Experimental Study of an AI-Supported Parent Coaching System for Autistic Children.

Yusuf Akemoğlu, Zhaohui Li, Qingxiao Zheng, Emily Brooke Roberts, Samar Pratap Singh, Jinjun Xiong

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Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yusuf AkemoğluNational AI Institute for Exceptional Education, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA. yusufakemoglu@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6957-0085
Zhaohui LiNational AI Institute for Exceptional Education, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-0537-3546
Qingxiao ZhengNational AI Institute for Exceptional Education, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-0032
Emily Brooke RobertsNational AI Institute for Exceptional Education, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-1650-176X
Samar Pratap SinghNational AI Institute for Exceptional Education, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-8308-6912
Jinjun XiongNational AI Institute for Exceptional Education, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2620-4859

Funding

National Science Foundation 2229873Organization for Autism Research Organization for Autism Research
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeArtificial intelligence (AI) may enhance the scalability and immediacy of parent coaching by providing automated, performance-based feedback within naturalistic routines. In this study, we examined the effects of Parent's AI Coach (PaiCoach), an AI-supported parent coaching system, on parent implementation of evidence-based practices in improving autistic children's communicative responsiveness during shared book reading.

methodParticipants included four mother-child dyads with minimally verbal autistic children between 45 and 56 months of age. A concurrent multiple-baseline across participants single-case experimental design was used. Primary dependent variables included parent implementation fidelity and child communicative responsiveness. Visual analysis and Tau-U effect sizes were used to examine functional relations between the introduction of PaiCoach and changes in parent and child outcomes.

resultsVisual analysis showed functional relations between the introduction of PaiCoach and increases in parent implementation fidelity with corresponding improvements in children's responsiveness. Through human validation, we show that PaiCoach adopts 68.6% of AI-generated analyses without modification, whereas 31.4% required some expert editing. Social validity and usability findings indicate high parent satisfaction with PaiCoach and its good usability. Overall, findings provide preliminary evidence for the feasibility of AI-assisted parent coaching and the continued importance of human oversight in current AI-supported systems.

Indexed as

Artificial intelligenceAutismHuman-in-the-loopMultimodal AIParent-mediated interventionSingle-case experimental design

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.