Nanoemulsion-Based Enhancement of the Antifungal Activity of Clove and Ginger Essential Oils Combination against Fungi Causing Papaya Rot.

Victor Moussango Davy, Tanner Wortham, Marie Ampères Boat Bedine, Steve Olugu Voundi, Moise A Ayong Ntah, Michele Stella Majoumouo, Séverin Nguemezi Tchameni, Nabin Kumar Dhal, Sameza Modeste Lambert

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Article in Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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9 authors.

Victor Moussango DavyBiotechnologies Laboratory, University Institute of Technology, University of Douala, Cameroon, P.O. Box 8698, Douala, Cameroon. davy.moussango@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-9021

Tanner WorthamThe Perfumery, 621 Park East Blvd., New Albany, IN, 47150, USA.

Marie Ampères Boat BedinePlant Pathology and Agricultural Zoology Research Unit, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy and Agronomic Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 96, Dschang, Cameroon.

Steve Olugu VoundiBiotechnologies Laboratory, University Institute of Technology, University of Douala, Cameroon, P.O. Box 8698, Douala, Cameroon.

Moise A Ayong NtahLaboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.

Michele Stella MajoumouoCritical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.

Séverin Nguemezi TchameniLaboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.

Nabin Kumar DhalEnvironment and Sustainability Dept., CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India.

Sameza Modeste LambertLaboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent advances in nanotechnology offer promising solutions for controlling postharvest fungal diseases, a primary cause of economic losses in Carica papaya production. This study assessed the antifungal activity of essential oils (EOs) from Syzygium aromaticum buds (BSA) and Zingiber officinale rhizomes (RZO), alone and in combinations, as well as their nanoemulsion, against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium equiseti, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, the main pathogens causing papaya rot. EOs were extracted, characterized by GC-MS, and tested individually or in combinations (v/v: 70/30, 50/50, 30/70: BSA/RZO) via the food poisoning method. The optimal combination (70/30: BSA/RZO) showed synergistic effects (FICI: 0.4869-0.8615) and was formulated into a nanoemulsion (NEOco_70/30: BSA/RZO) using low-energy emulsification. The nanoemulsion exhibited a polydispersity index of 0.1330, specific surface area of 2.9 m

Indexed as

Antifungal activityCarica papayaEssential oilsNanoemulsionSynergistic

Identifiers

PMID42726164

DOI10.3390/molecules21121719

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