Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42726161›Full record

ArticleSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2026

Differential associations of arousals and respiratory events on oxygen desaturation and resaturation parameters in sleep.

Timothy P Howarth, Tuomas Karhu, Helmi Ben Saad, Ahmed Bahammam, Mieli Luukinen, Purbanka Pahari, Serajeddin Ebrahimian

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Timothy P HowarthFaculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia. tim.howarth@cdu.edu.au.
Tuomas KarhuDepartment of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Helmi Ben SaadFaculty of Medicine of Sousse, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
Ahmed BahammamDepartment of Medicine, University Sleep Disorders Center and Pulmonary Service, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mieli LuukinenDepartment of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Purbanka PahariDepartment of Psychiatry, Population Health and Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Serajeddin EbrahimianDepartment of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.

Funding

National Sleep Research Resource (NSRR)R24HL114473 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI REDLINE, SUSAN S., ZHANG, GUO-QIANG · 2013 to 2017
$7.5M
DATA COORDINATING CENTER FOR SLEEP HEART STUDYU01HL064360 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI DIENER-WEST, MARIE · 1999 to 2007
$4.4M
THE SLEEP HEART HEALTH STUDY: READING CENTER APPLICATIONU01HL063463 · NHLBI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI REDLINE, SUSAN S. · 1999 to 2007
$2.8M
The Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS)U01HL053938 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI QUAN, STUART F. · 1994 to 2007
$2.0M
SLEEP HEART HEALTH STUDYU01HL053931 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI RAPOPORT, DAVID M. · 1994 to 2003
$1.9M
THE SLEEP HEART HEALTH STUDYU01HL053937 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI PUNJABI, NARESH · 1994 to 2007
$1.6M
SLEEP HEART HEALTH STUDYU01HL053916 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI ROBBINS, JOHN A · 1994 to 2007
$1.5M
THE SLEEP HEART HEALTH STUDYU01HL053934 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI SHAHAR, EYAL · 1994 to 2007
$1.4M
SLEEP HEART HEALTH STUDYU01HL053941 · NHLBI · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI O'CONNOR, GEORGE T · 1994 to 2007
$1.4M
NHLBI NIH HHS R24 HL114473NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL053916NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL053931NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL053934NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL053937NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL053938NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL053941NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL063463NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL064360
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe severity of nocturnal blood oxygen saturation (SpO

methodsFirst visit data from the Sleep Heart Health Study was utilised to derive SpO

results5,484 participants (49% female, median age 63 years) were included with 235,996 saturation events. 1.2% of events had pre-event arousals (n = 2,850), while 47.6% had within-event arousals (n = 112,271). Pre-event arousals were associated with faster desaturation rates (standardized effect: 0.54-0.58) and shorter desaturation durations (by 25-36%). Within-event arousals were associated with lower nadirs, longer desaturation durations, and larger desaturation areas (standardized effects: 0.24-0.51). Both arousal types increased resaturation rates, but through different mechanisms: pre-event arousals shortened resaturation durations while within-event arousals increased resaturation height. These effects were amplified with respiratory events, with the strongest associations observed during apnoeas.

conclusionsArousals significantly influence SpO

Indexed as

ArousalOxygen SaturationAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPolysomnographyArousalCardiopulmonary physiologyCardiorespiratory comorbiditiesPolysomnographySleep apnoea syndromesTime factors

Identifiers

PMID42726161
PMCPMC13569603

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.