ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2026
Oligoclonal band count as a marker of MRI lesion burden and clinical profile in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis.
Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
background and purposeOligoclonal band (OCB) positivity is a well-established biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet the clinical and radiological relevance of OCB count remains unclear. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers reflect disease burden, it is unknown whether OCB count parallels MRI-defined lesion distribution and early cognitive involvement. We investigated associations between OCB count and demographic, clinical, radiological, and cognitive features in newly diagnosed MS.
methodsWe evaluated 62 newly diagnosed MS patients and 59 controls. Cerebrospinal fluid OCB count was analyzed as a continuous variable. Associations with MRI features-lesion distribution (Mtotal), T1-hypointense and gadolinium-enhancing lesions, and spinal cord involvement-and cognitive performance (SDMT, BVMT-R, CVLT-II) were assessed using correlation, subgroup comparisons, and multivariable regression.
resultsHigher OCB counts were independently associated with IgG index (β = 5.25, p = 0.004) and wider lesion dissemination (Mtotal; β = 1.57, p = 0.025). Coexisting spinal cord and T1-hypointense lesions were associated with higher OCB counts and showed a moderate effect size (η² = 0.092, p = 0.027). Mtotal was independently associated with CVLT-II performance (β = -3.221, p = 0.046), and OCB count correlated negatively with CVLT-II scores (r = - 0.266, p = 0.036).
conclusionIn early, minimally disabled MS, higher OCB counts are associated with broader MRI lesion distribution and subtle impairment in verbal learning and memory. These findings suggest that OCB count reflects intrathecal immune activity that parallels MRI-defined lesion topography and may help identify patients with early radiological and cognitive vulnerability.
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