ArticleIndian journal of psychiatry2026
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and its relationship with caregiver burden: A cross-sectional study of inpatients with dementia in a tertiary center.
Article in Indian journal of psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) is commonly associated with caregiver distress, and often a reason for short-term or long-term care. Very few studies have examined the pattern of the BPSD and caregiver burden in an Indian tertiary care inpatient setting. Aims: Our study aimed to understand the pattern of BPSD, particularly its individual domains, in different types of dementia, and its relationship with caregiver distress and burden in a geriatric inpatient setting. Methods: One hundred inpatients with dementia and their informal primary caregivers participated in a cross-sectional, semi-structured interview using validated tools to assess the types and severity of BPSD and the relationship with caregiver burden. Results: All inpatients had one or more BPSD, as expected, with a median of 7 (1QR 5-8). Night-time behavioral disturbances (79%), irritability (78%), and apathy (74%) were the most common ones. In Alzheimer's dementia (AD), night-time behavioral disturbances (80%), irritability/lability (74.3%), and agitation/aggression (68.6%) were the most observed. Apathy (84.4%) was the most common BPSD in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), followed by irritability (80%), aberrant motor behavior (71.2%), and night-time behavioral disturbances (71.2%). Caregiver distress varied across different BPSD, with irritability (10%), agitation (8%), and aberrant motor behavior (7%) associated with the highest levels of distress in our study. Worsening cognitive impairment was not associated with increased burden. Conclusion: An individually tailored management approach targeting specific BPSD symptoms, with equal focus on both the patient and the caregiver, is key.
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