Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42725172›Full record

ArticlePsychotherapie (Heidelberg, Germany)2026

[Therapist augmentation by generative AI: concept and implementation of the GAINED feedback system at Osnabrück University].

Christopher Lalk, Tobias Steinbrenner, Julian Rubel

Abstract readEnglish Abstract
In one paragraph

Article in Psychotherapie (Heidelberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Christopher LalkUniversität Osnabrück, Lise-Meitner-Str. 3, 49076 Osnabrück, Deutschland.ORCID 0000-0002-1793-3507
Tobias SteinbrennerUniversität Osnabrück, Lise-Meitner-Str. 3, 49076 Osnabrück, Deutschland.
Julian RubelUniversität Osnabrück, Lise-Meitner-Str. 3, 49076 Osnabrück, Deutschland.

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The increasing widespread use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) is opening up new areas of application in psychotherapy. These include 1) chatbots for direct interaction between patients and AI, 2) training applications for therapists, in which therapists can practise with simulated AI patients and 3) augmentation applications, in which therapists are supported by automated documentation or feedback and decision-making tools. At the same time, there are ethical risks due to data protection issues, harmful output and secondary use of clinical models. At the psychotherapy outpatient clinic of the University of Osnabrück we are developing a new approach to therapist augmentation using an AI-supported feedback application, taking these risks into account. Based on robust incremental effects of feedback in psychotherapy as well as established research on the automatic identification of therapeutic constructs in psychotherapy transcripts, therapists receive feedback on intervention quality and mechanisms of action. The feedback is discussed with the patients to promote informed shared decision-making. Technical details as well as ethical and clinical aspects of implementation are presented. Finally, an outlook on future developments and evaluation of the feedback application are provided.

Indexed as

Ethical issuesNatural language processingPsychotherapy feedbackQuality improvementShared decision-making

Identifiers

PMID42725172
PMCPMC13561026

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.