ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Gut dysbiosis, metabolic signals, and pulmonary immune reprogramming: decoding the gut microbiota -immune axis in stroke-associated pneumonia.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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16 authors.
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Abstract
Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is the most common infectious complication following acute stroke. The limited efficacy of conventional antimicrobial therapy suggests that SAP may be fundamentally a syndrome driven by dysregulated cross-system interactions. This review proposes the "gut microbiota-immune axis" (GMIA) as a comprehensive framework for the development of SAP and systematically discusses the potential mechanisms by which post-stroke microbial-derived metabolic signals-including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, tryptophan metabolites, and endotoxins-drive systemic immune reprogramming, predisposing patients to SAP. Based on the GMIA, we highlight several promising intervention strategies, including dietary modulation, precision antibiotic use, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), supplementation with microbial metabolites, and receptor-targeted therapies, and summarize the current clinical translation related to the GMIA. Future research directions require high-quality clinical trials that integrate multi-omics data from the microbiome with immune biomarkers and clinical parameters. Such an approach is essential for constructing validated risk stratification models and advancing the management of SAP from empirical anti-infective treatment toward a precision medicine model centered on GMIA-based immune modulation.
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