ArticleNarra J2026
Formaldehyde exposure risk assessment among fiberboard furniture manufacturing workers in Thailand: Comparison of TIS 2012 and EPA IRIS standards.
Article in Narra J, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Formaldehyde exposure in medium-density fiberboard furniture manufacturing is an important occupational health concern because formaldehyde-containing resins can release hazardous airborne emissions during production processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare formaldehyde exposure risks among furniture manufacturing workers using the Thai Industrial Standard (TIS) 2012 semi-quantitative model and the United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System (EPA IRIS) quantitative model, and to examine the concordance between the two frameworks. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 439 workers from ten departments in a medium-density fiberboard furniture factory in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Work characteristics and health symptoms were collected using structured questionnaires. Full-shift personal air sampling was performed in accordance with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Method 5700, and samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Risk characterization was conducted using TIS 2012 based on exposure rating × health effect rating, while EPA IRIS was applied to estimate non-cancer risk using the hazard quotient and lifetime cancer risk using the inhalation unit risk. Non-cancer and lifetime cancer risks were assessed using HQ and inhalation unit risk. The mean formaldehyde concentration was 5.47 mg/m
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