Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42723438›Full record

ArticleEpigenetics2026

A breast tissue-specific epigenetic clock provides accurate chronological age predictions and reveals de-correlation of age and DNA methylation in tumor-adjacent and tumor samples.

Leonardo D Garma, Sonia Pernas, Bartomeu Fullana, Andrea Vethencourt, David Vicente Baz, Teresa García Manrique, Rosario García Campelo, Cristina Reboredo, Josefa Terrasa, Antonia Perello and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Epigenetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Leonardo D GarmaBreast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1220-8397
Sonia PernasMedical Oncology Department, Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO)-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1485-5080
Bartomeu FullanaMedical Oncology Department, Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO)-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3556-6947
Andrea VethencourtMedical Oncology Department, Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO)-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2747-0892
David Vicente BazHospital Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla, Spain.
Teresa García ManriqueHospital Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla, Spain.
Rosario García CampeloMedical Oncology Service, University Hospital A Coruña (XXIAC-SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain.
Cristina ReboredoMedical Oncology Service, University Hospital A Coruña (XXIAC-SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain.ORCID 0009-0009-0815-1050
Josefa TerrasaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Antonia PerelloDepartment of Medical Oncology, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Ramón ColomerBreast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
Desirée JiménezBreast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
Ruth Vera GarcíaMedical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Susana de la Cruz SánchezMedical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Begoña BermejoMedical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Medicine Department, Universidad de Valenciaencia, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
Marta TapiaMedical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Medicine Department, Universidad de Valenciaencia, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
Santiago González SantiagoMedical Oncology, Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara, Cáceres, Spain.
Miguel Quintela-FandinoBreast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epigenetic clocks have been widely used to estimate biological age across various tissues, but their accuracy in breast tissue remains suboptimal. Classical models such as Horvath's and Hannum's clocks perform poorly in predicting chronological age in breast tissue, underscoring the need for a tissue-specific approach. In this study, we introduce a Breast Tissue-specific Epigenetic Clock (BTEC), developed using DNA methylation data from 553 healthy breast tissue samples across seven different studies. BTEC significantly outperformed existing clocks, demonstrating superior correlation with chronological age (

Indexed as

AgingBreastBreast NeoplasmsDNA MethylationEpigenesis, GeneticFemaleHumansMiddle AgedagingbreastBreast cancerDNA methylationepigenetic clockstumor-adjacent

Identifiers

PMID42723438
PMCPMC13577255

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.