Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42723126›Full record

ReviewTropical medicine and health2026

A comprehensive overview of monkeypox virus disease.

Ijaz Ahmad, Shahab Ahmad Khan, Ghulam Nabi, Takeshi Urano, Kouichi Morita, Mya Myat Ngwe Tun

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Tropical medicine and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ijaz AhmadDepartment of Tropical Viral Vaccine Development, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Shahab Ahmad KhanDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, USA.
Ghulam NabiDepartment of Zoology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Takeshi UranoCenter for Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies for Emerging Infectious Disease, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Kouichi MoritaDepartment of Tropical Viral Vaccine Development, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Mya Myat Ngwe TunDepartment of Tropical Viral Vaccine Development, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. ntmyamyat@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8986-6307

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMonkeypox (mpox), caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), re-emerged as a major global public health concern in 2022, resulting in widespread transmission beyond traditionally endemic regions. As of March 2026, 181,164 confirmed cases and 492 deaths had been reported across 144 countries globally. The unprecedented geographic spread of the outbreak highlighted important knowledge gaps in disease surveillance, prevention, and control. Given the ongoing global circulation of MPXV and the risk of future outbreaks, this review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence on MPXV and mpox.

methodsThe literature, surveillance data, and public health reports available up to March 2026 were systematically reviewed and synthesized. The review comprehensively assesses viral biology, genetic diversity, epidemiology, transmission dynamics, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, infection during pregnancy, host immune responses, immune evasion mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, and prevention strategies. FINDINGS AND

conclusionsGlobally, the decline in public immunity following the cessation of routine smallpox vaccination, together with ongoing viral evolution, may have contributed to the resurgence of mpox. Advances in genomic surveillance, diagnostics, and public health preparedness have strengthened outbreak response; however, important gaps remain in understanding long-term immunity and optimal treatment strategies. This review summarizes current evidence on MPXV and mpox and highlights priorities for future research and public health interventions.

Indexed as

Antiviral therapyMonkeypox virus (MPXV)Mpox in pregnancyMPXV and COVID-19 associationSmallpox vaccine

Identifiers

PMID42723126
PMCPMC13560209

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.