ArticleSurgical endoscopy2026
Surgical team configuration, technical errors, and workload in robotic distal gastrectomy.
Article in Surgical endoscopy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A pilot study on the efficacy of cyanoacrylate glue in preventing post-ESD bleeding at the gastric angle.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRobotic distal gastrectomy requires coordinated task allocation between the console surgeon and bedside assistant. Whether a laparoscopic-like "3-arm+2-port" configuration is associated with better technical performance and lower surgical workload compared with the conventional "4-arm+1-port" configuration remains unclear.
methodsThis single-center prospective cohort study included 84 patients undergoing robotic distal gastrectomy from September 2025 to March 2026. After variable-ratio propensity score matching, 45 patients in the "3-arm+2-port" group and 22 in the "4-arm+1-port" group were analyzed. Technical errors were assessed from operative videos using Observational Clinical Human Reliability Analysis. Workload was evaluated separately for primary surgeons and assistants.
resultsAfter matching, covariate balance was substantially improved. The "3-arm+2-port" group had fewer total technical errors than the "4-arm+1-port" group (42.6 (7.2) vs. 52.8 (6.9); P < .001), with significant differences in phase 3 (11.4 (3.5) vs. 15.7 (4.1); adjusted P < .001) and phase 6 (9.0 (2.7) vs. 14.1 (3.0); adjusted P < .001). Grade 2 bleeding, tissue slippage, heat burn, and Hem-o-lok slippage were also less frequent. Overall workload scores were lower for primary surgeons (8 (7-9) vs. 12 (9-13); P < .001) and assistants (6 (5-8) vs. 10 (8.25-11); P < .001). Operative time, docking time, blood loss, and short-term recovery outcomes were more favorable, whereas console time, time-adjusted technical error rate, lymph node harvest, and complications did not differ significantly.
conclusionsIn robotic distal gastrectomy, the laparoscopic-like "3-arm+2-port" configuration was associated with fewer technical errors, lower team workload, and more favorable short-term recovery, although the time-adjusted technical error rate did not differ significantly. These findings suggest that surgical team configuration is a potentially modifiable factor associated with intraoperative performance and teamwork efficiency.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.