Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42722892›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of pediatrics2026

Changes in the incidence and profile of pediatric tuberculosis in France from 2014 to 2023: impact of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions implementation and lifting.

Gautier Castello, Naïm Ouldali, Ines Fafi, Zaba Valtuille, Leonard Laurent, Romain Basmaci, Juliette Goutines, Loïc de Pontual, Albert Faye

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Article in European journal of pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Gautier CastelloGeneral Pediatrics, Infectious Disease and Internal Medicine, Robert Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Cité University Paris, 48 Boulevard Serurier, Paris, 75019, France. gautier.castello@aphp.fr.
Naïm OuldaliGeneral Pediatrics, Infectious Disease and Internal Medicine, Robert Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Cité University Paris, 48 Boulevard Serurier, Paris, 75019, France.
Ines FafiGeneral Pediatrics, Infectious Disease and Internal Medicine, Robert Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Cité University Paris, 48 Boulevard Serurier, Paris, 75019, France.
Zaba ValtuilleIAME (Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution), INSERM UMR 1137, Paris Cité University, Paris, France.
Leonard LaurentInstitut Godinot, Department of Medical Oncology, Reims, France.
Romain BasmaciIAME (Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution), INSERM UMR 1137, Paris Cité University, Paris, France.
Juliette GoutinesGeneral Pediatrics, Infectious Disease and Internal Medicine, Robert Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Cité University Paris, 48 Boulevard Serurier, Paris, 75019, France.
Loïc de PontualGeneral Pediatrics, Jean Verdier University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France.
Albert FayeGeneral Pediatrics, Infectious Disease and Internal Medicine, Robert Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Cité University Paris, 48 Boulevard Serurier, Paris, 75019, France.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While the COVID-19 pandemic led to important variations in numerous community-acquired bacterial infections, very few data concerning pediatric tuberculosis evolution during this period are available. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 related non-pharmaceuticals interventions (NPI) and their lifting on the epidemiology of active tuberculosis in children in France. We conducted a national, population-based surveillance study in France. All patients under 18 years of age hospitalized for active TB between January 2014 and December 2023 were included. The primary outcome was the evolution of the incidence of active TB in France, analyzed using a quasi-Poisson model. Over the study period, 8503 children were hospitalized for active TB in France. The implementation of NPIs in March 2020 was associated with a significant decrease in TB incidence (- 33.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: - 42.7 to - 24.7). This decline was followed by a resurgence beginning in November 2022 (+ 22.9%, 95% CI: 4.0 to 41.8). This resurgence was particularly pronounced for respiratory and miliary TB (+ 31.6%, 95% CI: 11.4 to 51.9 and + 64.6%, 95% CI: 11.3 to 117.8 respectively).

conclusionsOur study highlights the impact of NPI implementation and subsequent lifting on the incidence of active TB in children, with changes in the clinical spectrum of the disease. WHAT IS KNOWN: • The impact of COVID-19-related non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on tuberculosis epidemiology has been documented in adults, but data in children remain scarce. WHAT IS NEW: • This nationwide study shows changes in both the incidence and clinical presentation of childhood tuberculosis following the implementation and subsequent lifting of COVID-19-related NPIs.

Indexed as

COVID-19TuberculosisAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleFranceHospitalizationHumansIncidenceInfantMaleActive tuberculosisCOVID-19 pandemicTime-series analysis

Identifiers

PMID42722892

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.