Observational studyInternational journal of colorectal disease2026
Association of objectively assessed physical activity with immune cell infiltration of the tumor microenvironment in non-metastatic colon cancer.
Observational study in International journal of colorectal disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03947840 (Physical Activity and Its Impact on Colon Cancer Surgery), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Physical Activity and Its Impact on Colon Cancer Surgery: Clinical and Histological Effects
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePhysical activity and immune cell infiltration of the tumor microenvironment are associated with improved prognosis in colon cancer. There is also evidence that physical activity may mobilize immune cells against colon tumors. One possible mechanism behind the positive effect of physical activity on colon cancer prognosis could thus be increased immune cell infiltration of the tumor microenvironment. There are few previous studies examining this association, and none has included an objective assessment of physical activity.
methodsThis was a study on 69 patients enrolled in the Physical Activity and its impact on COlon cancer Surgery (PACOS) prospective cohort, all diagnosed with colon cancer stages I-III, all eligible for curative surgery, and with no previous treatment. Prior to surgery, the participants underwent physical tests, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and wore an accelerometer to quantify their physical activity and physical fitness. Tumor infiltration by cytotoxic T cells, T-helper 1 cells, regulatory T cells, B cells, and macrophages was objectively assessed with multispectral quantitative automated pathology imaging. Odds ratios for associations between physical activity and immune cell infiltration were estimated.
resultsA higher number of repetitions in the 30-s sit-to-stand test was associated with a lower density of T-helper 1 cells in the stromal compartment of the tumor, in the model adjusted for age and sex. When correcting for multiple testing, the association was considered non-significant. No other significant association was seen for any of the physical tests or immune cell types.
conclusionsNo consistent evidence was found to support the hypothesis of an association between physical activity or fitness and increased immune cell tumor infiltration in colon cancer.
trial registrationThis study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ID NCT03947840), registration date 2019-05-19.
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