ArticleForensic toxicology2026
p-Nitrophenoxy analogs as practical surrogates for Novichok-related biomarker verification in forensic toxicology.
Article in Forensic toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAuthentic Novichok (A-series) nerve agents are highly restricted, making the rapid preparation of positive controls and reference materials challenging in forensic toxicology. This study aimed to evaluate p-nitrophenoxy analogs as surrogate compounds for Novichok-related biomarker verification by assessing their synthetic accessibility, ability to generate diagnostically relevant butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) nonapeptide biomarkers, and functional relevance in cholinesterase inhibition and reactivation assays.
methodsSix surrogate compounds representing phosphate- and phosphonate-type analogs were prepared using a revised synthetic sequence with scaffold-dependent optimization of the reaction and purification conditions. Their utility was evaluated using plasma BuChE inhibition assays, 2-pyridine aldoxime methochloride (2-PAM)-mediated reactivation studies, inhibition kinetics with horse BuChE and human acetylcholinesterase, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of BuChE-derived nonapeptide adducts in plasma. Operational applicability was examined using the OPCW biomedical proficiency test (BioPT) evaluation criteria.
resultsAll six surrogate compounds were obtained by structural class-dependent optimizations of their synthesis and purification. The plasma BuChE IC
conclusionp-Nitrophenoxy Novichok-related analogs provide a practical surrogate platform for preparing diagnostically relevant BuChE nonapeptide reference materials without using authentic A-series nerve agents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42720724What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.