Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42720115›Full record

ArticleeLife2026

The C3-C3aR axis modulates trained immunity in alveolar macrophages.

Alexander P Earhart, Alberto E Lopez, Josue I Hernandez, Aasritha Nallapu, Deebly Chavez, Sayahi Suthakaran, Brian Yang, Jungheun Hyun, Rafael Aponte Alburquerque, Marick Starick and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in eLife, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Attenuating pulmonary injury and inflammation with C5/CD14 inhibition therapy: results from a porcine polytrauma model with blunt chest trauma.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Alexander P Earhart *John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-6026
Alberto E Lopez *Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States.
Josue I HernandezDepartment of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States.
Aasritha NallapuDepartment of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States.
Deebly ChavezLung Imaging Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.
Sayahi SuthakaranLung Imaging Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.
Brian YangDepartment of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7073-3199
Jungheun HyunDepartment of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States.
Rafael Aponte AlburquerqueJohn T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.
Marick StarickJohn T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.
Lorena GarnicaJohn T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.
Ayse Naz OzanturkJohn T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.
Rahul Kumar MauryaJohn T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.
Xiaobo WuJohn T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.
Jeffrey HaspelJohn T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5839-0265
Jae Woo LeeDepartment of Anesthesia, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States.
Jaime HookLung Imaging Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.
Hrishikesh S KulkarniJohn T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-5084

Funding

Washington University Center for Cellular ImagingP30CA091842 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI TIMOTHY J. EBERLEIN · 2001 to 2026
$128.0M
UCLA Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Training ProgramT32HL072752 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI JOHN A BELPERIO, TOMAS GANZ · 2003 to 2026
$8.3M
Pediatric Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Training Program.T32HL125241 · NHLBI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Juliane Bubeck Wardenburg, Kory J. Lavine · 2015 to 2026
$4.1M
Lung epithelial cell-derived C3 in acute lung injuryR01HL169860 · NHLBI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Hrishikesh Satish Kulkarni · 2023 to 2026
$2.3M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA091842NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL169860NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL072752NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL125241NHLBI NIH HHS T32HL125241NIH HHS R01HL169860NIH HHS T32HL072752
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Complement protein C3 is crucial for immune responses in mucosal sites such as the lung, where it aids in microbe elimination, and enhances inflammation. While trained immunity - enhanced secondary responses of innate immune cells after prior exposure - is well-studied, the role of the complement system in trained immune responses remains unclear. We investigated the role of C3 in trained immunity and found that alveolar macrophage (AM)

Indexed as

Complement C3Macrophages, AlveolarReceptors, ComplementTrained ImmunityAnimalsCytokinesHumansMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutPhagocytosisReactive Oxygen SpeciesComplement C3complement C3a receptorCytokinesReactive Oxygen SpeciesReceptors, Complementalveolar macrophagesCandidacomplementhumanimmunologyimmunometabolisminfectious diseaseinflammationmicrobiologymousePseudomonastraining

Identifiers

PMID42720115
PMCPMC13561512

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.