Multi-channel automated programmable liquid exchange system enables high-quality sample preparation for super-resolution microscopy.

Bo Wang, Fen Hu, Mingxin Chen, Zhao Xie, Shuai Liu, Jiqiang Li, Dan Ding, Jingjun Xu, Leiting Pan

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Article in Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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9 authors.

Bo WangThe Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics (MOE), School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

Fen HuThe Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics (MOE), School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

Mingxin ChenThe Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics (MOE), School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

Zhao XieThe Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics (MOE), School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

Shuai LiuThe Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics (MOE), School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

Jiqiang LiThe Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics (MOE), School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

Dan DingState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

Jingjun XuThe Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics (MOE), School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

Leiting PanThe Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics (MOE), School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The emergence of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) leads to increasing demands on sample quality to faithfully visualize cellular ultrastructure at the nanoscale. For SRM techniques relying on fixed samples, immunofluorescence (IF) labeling is the commonly employed approach. However, traditional manual IF preparation is labor intensive, time consuming, and highly operator dependent, limiting standardization and reproducibility. Here, we report a compact, cost-effective device termed Multi-Channel Automated Programmable Liquid Exchange System (MAPLES) for high-quality IF sample preparation. MAPLES integrates dual peristaltic pumps and multi-channel solenoid valves to enable precise, gentle liquid handling without reagent cross-contamination. Equipped with interchangeable adapters, it supports multiple open-format biological samples. The system exhibits high injection accuracy, low reagent residue, and effective waste removal, making it well suited for multi-step IF workflows. MAPLES-prepared IF samples consistently preserve ultrastructural integrity and fidelity across various biological contexts, satisfying the stringent requirements for stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) super-resolution imaging. Furthermore, the flexible modular design of MAPLES allows seamless integration with microscopes for automated sequential drug exchange during live-cell experiments and

Indexed as

immunofluorescenceliquid exchange systemsample preparationstochastic optical reconstruction microscopysuper-resolution microscopy

Identifiers

PMID42719760

DOI10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101361

PMCPMC13556339

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.