ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Development and Humanization of a Camelid-Derived Neutralizing Nanobody Targeting Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), produced by Methods: A panel of Nbs specifically targeting AHc was isolated from a camelid immune phage display library. The VHH fragments were fused with human IgG Fc (hFc) to generate VHH-hFc fusion proteins. Neutralizing activity was evaluated using a murine lethality assay following pre-incubation of antibody and toxin. Potent Nbs were humanized through homology modeling, which predicts a theoretically reduced risk of immunogenicity. The affinity of the parent and humanized antibodies to AHc was measured using biolayer interferometry (BLI). Their biophysical properties, including thermal stability and aggregation propensity, were assessed by differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), static light scattering (SLS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Results: Fifty-nine unique VHH clones were identified, four of which provided complete protection against a 20 LD Conclusion: Humanized Nbs could serve as an attractive platform for developing novel botulism therapeutics, with potential advantages over traditional serum antitoxins in safety profile, clinical tolerability and scalable manufacturing. These favorable traits render them viable candidates for next-generation antitoxins against BoNT/A poisoning. Humanized Nb hA1 displays potent neutralizing activity and optimized biophysical properties, implying its value as a preclinical lead for botulism intervention. Nevertheless, systematic follow-up studies covering post-exposure protective efficacy, direct immunogenicity testing and comprehensive safety profiling are required to fully validate its translational prospects.
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