Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42718657›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in public health2026

Integrative and mind-body approaches to law enforcement professional wellness.

Julie Eitzen, Stefanie Holden, Lauray MacElhern, Cassandra Vieten

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Julie EitzenCenters for Integrative Health, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
Stefanie HoldenCenters for Integrative Health, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
Lauray MacElhernCenters for Integrative Health, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
Cassandra VietenCenters for Integrative Health, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Law enforcement (LE) personnel have one of the most stressful jobs, and LE in the United States face a particular set of stressors that merit investigation. LE personnel regularly encounter some of the worst aspects of human nature, which elevates their risk for mental and physical health problems. This population needs viable, accessible methods for stress management and healthy lifestyle education. Integrative and mind-body practices represent one such solution. This structured review aims to assess the effectiveness and promise of integrative health interventions studied in US LE, provide researchers with a resource for conducting future studies, and draw attention to the need for wellness resources for LE personnel in the US. Methods: PubMed was searched for studies published in 2000 or later that examined an integrative or mind-body health intervention with US LE personnel, including yoga, mindfulness, diet, exercise, or any combination thereof. We reviewed the measures, outcomes of interest, and intervention methodology used across studies. Results: We identified 21 eligible studies encompassing six major intervention categories: mindfulness, self-regulation, wellness programs, sleep, yoga, and detoxification approaches. Outcomes of interest fell into 10 categories: stress and burnout, mental health, physiological and physical, anger and aggression, job satisfaction and performance, sleep, positive psychology, cognitive, health behaviors, and social. We also compiled the measures used across studies into two overarching categories: survey and qualitative measures, and physical/physiological measures (e.g., sleep duration, strength, BMI). Conclusions: The results of this review can be used to inform future studies on this population and help formulate wellness programs for LE. Mindfulness interventions generally improved mental health, burnout, mindfulness, and organizational stress; the single study measuring aggression found a significant improvement. Self-regulation interventions improved some physical/physiological outcomes but not others, with no change in sadness, anger, or anxiety. Wellness program interventions showed promise for improving health behaviors, particularly eating habits, tobacco use, strength, and avoidance coping. Yoga was beneficial for global mood and perceived stress. Results were mixed both between and within studies of the same intervention type. Future research with this population should focus on determining the most efficient and effective interventions for US LE personnel.

Indexed as

Health PromotionMind-Body TherapiesPoliceBurnout, ProfessionalCoping SkillsHumansMental HealthMindfulnessOccupational StressStress, PsychologicalUnited StatesYogaexercisehealthlaw enforcementmindfulnessnutritionpolicestresswellness

Identifiers

PMID42718657
PMCPMC13553770

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.