Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42718537›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026

Standardizing pharmacology education in a systems-based curriculum: a longitudinal, multicampus innovations model.

Jennelle Durnett Richardson, Angelika Martin, Lynn Roy, Brian Henriksen, Deron Herr, Caophi Nguyen, Charles N Rudick, Brett Zimmerman, Larry Kilinski, Jonathan Guerrero

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jennelle Durnett RichardsonDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Angelika MartinDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN, United States.
Lynn RoyDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, United States.
Brian HenriksenDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN, United States.
Deron HerrDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Terre Haute, IN, United States.
Caophi NguyenDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
Charles N RudickDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, United States.
Brett ZimmermanDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Muncie, IN, United States.
Larry KilinskiDepartment of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Evansville, IN, United States.
Jonathan GuerreroDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Gary, IN, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Large, distributed medical schools face significant challenges in delivering consistent, high quality pharmacology instruction. Prior to 2016, the Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM) delivered pharmacology as a traditional, standalone course at each of its nine campuses, resulting in variability in instructional approaches, assessments, and student experience. A major curriculum redesign provided the opportunity to re-envision pharmacology education within an integrated, organ system-based model. Pharmacology content is now intentionally embedded across seven organ system-based pre-clerkship courses, supported by a statewide pharmacology faculty team and a newly established Pharmacology Discipline Consultant. A total of 84 pharmacology contact hours were preserved, with 37 h of standardized recorded lectures introducing foundational concepts and 47 h of small-group active-learning sessions emphasizing application and integration. Content sequencing now follows a spiral design to introduce, revisit, and reinforce key drugs and concepts across systems. Assessment practices are unified statewide using the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) item writing principles, centrally coordinated item review, and iterative quality improvement based on student feedback and psychometric performance. All pharmacology content and assessments are delivered identically across campuses to ∼375 students statewide. Recorded lectures provide uniformity in presentation and expectations, while campus-based active learning enables local faculty to facilitate case-based reasoning and integration across courses. Structured facilitator guides support faculty in synchronized delivery of the pharmacology curriculum. A statewide review process maintains alignment of content and reinforces consistency over time. This model preserves total pharmacology instructional time despite distributing content across multiple courses, maintaining coherence of the pharmacology curriculum through intentional sequencing, and establishes consistent assessment quality across all campuses. Student satisfaction with pharmacology instruction remains high, and learners report confidence in the alignment between instruction and assessment. Embedding a longitudinal pharmacology curriculum within an organ system-based framework is feasible and effective when supported by centralized coordination, standardization of foundational content, and faculty development. This innovation provides a replicable model for maintaining a high-quality, active-learning rich pre-clerkship pharmacology curriculum distributed across courses and campuses.

Indexed as

active learningassessmentdistributed campusintegrated curriculumlongitudinal integrationmedical educationpharmacology educationspiral curriculum

Identifiers

PMID42718537
PMCPMC13553480

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.