Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42717518›Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2026

Serum Levels of Thyroid Hormones in Relation to Breast Cancer Prognosis: A Multicentre Cohort Study.

Annie Brange, Ylva Heyman, Kamil Demircan, Johan Vallon-Christersson, Martin Malmberg, Lao H Saal, Lisa Rydén, Åke Borg, Lutz Schomburg, Jonas Manjer

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Annie BrangeDepartment of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Ylva HeymanDepartment of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-9360
Kamil DemircanInstitute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Johan Vallon-ChristerssonDivision of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, SE, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-0385
Martin MalmbergDepartment of Haematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9500-8982
Lao H SaalDivision of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, SE, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-1896
Lisa RydénDivision of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-3130
Åke BorgDivision of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, SE, Sweden.
Lutz SchomburgInstitute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9445-1555
Jonas ManjerDepartment of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3158-5289

Funding

Governmental Funding of Clinical Research within National Health ServiceKnut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationLund University Medical Faculty FoundationMalmö University Hospital Cancer FoundationSkåne University Hospital FoundationSwedish Cancer SocietySwedish Foundation for Strategic ResearchSwedish Research CouncilThe Mrs. Berta Kamprad FoundationVINNOVA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Thyroid function has been suggested to be associated with breast cancer risk, but not much is known about thyroid hormones as a potential prognostic factor for breast cancer. This study investigated the relation between thyroid hormones in breast cancer patients and mortality. A total of 2000 breast cancer patients from the Swedish SCAN-B cohort were followed for 9 years. Blood samples were collected at the time of diagnosis, before surgery, and analysed for free and total T3 and T4. All-cause mortality and recurrent disease were compared between quartiles (Q) using Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusted for prognostic factors, yielding hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During follow-up, 310 deaths and 167 recurrences occurred. Free T3 was associated with a lower mortality; the combined group Q2 to Q4 had an adjusted HR of 0.73 (0.58-0.93) as compared to Q1. Moreover, a high ratio of free T3/T4 was associated with a low mortality in Q2, Q3 and Q4, respectively. High levels of free and total T4 were associated with a high risk of all-cause mortality; the crude HR for free T4 Q4 vs. Q1 was 1.53 (1.14-2.07) and the corresponding HR for total T4 was 1.63 (1.20-2.22). These results did not remain in the adjusted analysis. No clear associations were found regarding recurrent disease. We conclude that high levels of free T3, and a high free T3/T4 ratio were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality and may be a marker of a favourable prognosis.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsThyroid HormonesAdultAgedBiomarkers, TumorCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMiddle AgedNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalNeoplasm StagingPrognosisProportional Hazards ModelsSwedenThyroxineTriiodothyronineBiomarkers, TumorThyroid HormonesThyroxineTriiodothyroninebreast cancerprognosisthyroid hormones

Identifiers

PMID42717518
PMCPMC13559021

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.