Validation of a dynamic evaporation technique for generating isoflurane/air gas mixtures standards to calibrate anesthetic gas monitors.

Aksam Abdelkhalik, Ghada Makhlouf, Randa N Yamani

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Aksam AbdelkhalikGas Analysis and Fire Safety Laboratory, National Institute of Standards (NIS), El‑Sadat Street, El‑Haram, P.O. Box 136, El‑Giza, 12211, Egypt. aksam.abdelkhalik@nis.sci.eg.

Ghada MakhloufGas Analysis and Fire Safety Laboratory, National Institute of Standards (NIS), El‑Sadat Street, El‑Haram, P.O. Box 136, El‑Giza, 12211, Egypt.

Randa N YamaniInorganic Analysis and Electrochemical Laboratory, National Institute of Standards (NIS), El‑Sadat Street, El‑Haram, P.O. Box 136, El‑Giza, 12211, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The dynamic evaporation and mixing technique standardized in EN 1839 (method T), originally developed to determine the flammability limits of chemical vapors, was applied to prepare isoflurane-in-air calibration gas mixtures, with air serving as the carrier gas. Isoflurane concentrations spanning 0 to 8 vol% were generated on demand by independently controlling the liquid isoflurane and air flow rates. Verification using an anesthetic gas monitor demonstrated excellent agreement between predicted and measured concentrations. A comprehensive validation study was conducted in accordance with EURACHEM guidelines, encompassing linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, robustness, and measurement uncertainty. The method yielded a correlation coefficient of r² = 0.9998 over the full clinical range, an LOD of 0.08 vol%, and an LOQ of 0.27 vol%. All concentrations between 0.70 and 8 vol% complied with EN 1839 uncertainty requirements, confirming the suitability of this approach for routine calibration of isoflurane gas monitors.

Indexed as

Anesthetic gas monitorCalibration gas mixtureDynamic evaporationEN 1839Isoflurane–air mixturesMeasurement uncertaintyMethod validation

Identifiers

PMID42716961

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-69018-z

PMCPMC13558684

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.