SynthesisBMJ open2026
Effect of intradialytic exercise on cardiovascular structural and functional parameters in maintenance haemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the impact of intradialytic exercise (IDE) on cardiovascular structural and functional parameters in patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis (MHD).
designA systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception through January 2026. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults receiving MHD who underwent structured IDE versus usual care or non-exercise controls and reported cardiac, vascular or cardiorespiratory outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two independent reviewers performed literature screening, data extraction and outcome-level risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. Random-effects models were used to pool mean differences (MDs) and 95% CIs. Certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).
resultsFourteen studies involving 934 participants were included. IDE increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume (3 studies, 213 participants; MD 14.15 mL, 95% CI 2.06 to 26.24; p=0.022), improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (6 studies, 396 participants; MD 2.21%, 95% CI 0.28 to 4.15; p=0.025), reduced pulse wave velocity (PWV) (4 studies, 211 participants; MD -1.36 m/s, 95% CI -2.58 to -0.13; p=0.031) and increased peak oxygen uptake (Peak VO
conclusionsIDE may improve cardiovascular function, arterial stiffness and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients receiving MHD. Effects on LVMI and SBP remain uncertain. Certainty of evidence ranged from moderate to low, and risk-of-bias concerns and substantial heterogeneity for some outcomes warrant cautious interpretation. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD420261336421.
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